They are caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, or certain types of fungi that enter the body. Testing can detect up to 14 different types of infections. Most STIs spread through vaginal, oral, or anal sex. Examples include syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and herpes.
STIs can be transmitted without penetration!
Many people mistakenly believe that STIs are transmitted only through penetrative sex. In fact, these infections can spread in several ways:
fiber_manual_record
Unprotected sex - Vaginal, anal, or oral sex without using a condom, or when condoms are used incorrectly.
fiber_manual_record
Oral sex or mouth-to-genital contact - Infections such as herpes, syphilis, and gonorrhea can be passed orally, even without penetration.
fiber_manual_record
Contact with body fluids, blood, or sores - Especially if there are small, invisible cuts on the skin.
fiber_manual_record
Mother-to-child transmission - Some infections, such as HIV, syphilis, and herpes, can be passed from mother to baby during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
fiber_manual_record
Sharing needles or sharp instruments - For example, contaminated syringes or tools that carry infected blood.
Who should get tested for STIs?
People at higher risk who should consider STI testing include:
fiber_manual_record
Those who have unprotected sex or engage in risky sexual behaviors
fiber_manual_record
Those who started having sex at a young age
fiber_manual_record
Those with multiple sexual partners (e.g., more than one partner within the past 3 months)
fiber_manual_record
Those who have had anal sex
fiber_manual_record
Those who have sex with sex workers without using condoms
fiber_manual_record
Those who experienced condom failure (slipping, breaking, or tearing during sex) Individuals planning to get married or have children - screening is recommended to prevent transmission to partners or future children
14 Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Bacterial infections
Viral disease
Parasitic and fungal diseases
specimens:
fiber_manual_record
Swab specimens: from sexual contact sites (vagina, rectum), collected by a physician.
fiber_manual_record
Urine specimens: 8–10 mL midstream, at least 1 hour since last void; no genital cleansing needed.
Self-management and key recommendations
fiber_manual_record
Seek immediate medical consultation if symptoms are suspected or present. Individuals with abnormal symptoms or high-risk behaviors should undergo appropriate diagnostic evaluation and treatment.
fiber_manual_record
Adhere strictly to the prescribed treatment regimen. Complete the full course of medication as directed, even if symptoms improve.
fiber_manual_record
Ensure sexual partners are treated concurrently. Most sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can be transmitted between partners. Treating partners helps prevent reinfection.
fiber_manual_record
Follow up after treatment. Certain infections require repeat testing to confirm complete cure.
fiber_manual_record
Consistently use condoms correctly during sexual activity. This is the most effective method to reduce the risk of STI transmission.
fiber_manual_record
Communicate openly with sexual partners. Discuss sexual health and STI testing history honestly to maintain a safe and healthy relationship.
